Top Most Engineering Interview Questions
Q – 1 What is the difference between CNG, LPG and LNG?
Ans- CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is stored on the vehicle in high-pressure tanks – 20 to 25 MPa (200 to 250 bar, or 3,000 to 3,600 psi). Natural gas consists mostly of methane and is drawn from gas wells or in conjunction with crude oil production. As delivered through the pipeline system, it also contains hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane as well as other gases such as nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, sulphur compounds, and water vapour.
A sulphur-based odourant is normally added to CNG to facilitate leak detection. Natural gas is lighter than air and thus will normally dissipate in the case of a leak, giving it a significant safety advantage over gasoline or LPG.
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) consists mainly of propane, propylene, butane, and butylene in various mixtures. It is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining. The components of LPG are gases at normal temperatures and pressures. One challenge with LPG is that it can vary widely in composition, leading to variable engine performance and cold starting performance. At normal temperatures and pressures, LPG will evaporate.
Because of this, LPG is stored in pressurised steel bottles. Unlike natural gas, LPG is heavier than air, and thus will flow along floors and tend to settle in low spots, such as basements. Such accumulations can cause explosion hazards, and are the reason that LPG fuelled vehicles are prohibited from indoor parkades in many jurisdictions.
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is natural gas stored as a super-cooled (cryogenic) liquid. The temperature required to condense natural gas depends on its precise composition, but it is typically between -120 and -170C (-184 and -274F). The advantage of LNG is that it offers an energy density comparable to petrol and diesel fuels, extending range and reducing refuelling frequency.
Q – 2 What is Hydrogen or H2?
Ans- Hydrogen or H2 gas is highly flammable and will burn at concentrations as low as 4% H2 in air. For automotive applications, hydrogen is generally used in two forms: internal combustion or fuel cell conversion. In combustion, it is essentially burned as conventional gaseous fuels are, whereas a fuel cell uses the hydrogen to generate electricity that in turn is used to power electric motors on the vehicle.
Hydrogen gas must be produced and is therefore is an energy storage medium, not an energy source. The energy used to produce it usually comes from a more conventional source. Hydrogen holds the promise of very low vehicle emissions and flexible energy storage; however, many believe the technical challenges required to realize these benefits may delay hydrogen’s widespread implementation for several decades.
Q – 3 What is LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)?
Ans- Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG (also called Autogas) consists mainly of propane, propylene, butane, and butylene in various mixtures. It is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining. The components of LPG are gases at normal temperatures and pressures.
One challenge with LPG is that it can vary widely in composition, leading to variable engine performance and cold starting performance. At normal temperatures and pressures, LPG will evaporate. Because of this, LPG is stored in pressurized steel bottles.
Unlike natural gas, LPG is heavier than air, and thus will flow along floors and tend to settle in low spots, such as basements. Such accumulations can cause explosion hazards, and are the reason that LPG fueled vehicles are prohibited from indoor parkades in many jurisdictions.
Q – 4 What is LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)?
Ans- LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is natural gas stored as a super-cooled (cryogenic) liquid. The temperature required to condense natural gas depends on its precise composition, but it is typically between -120 and -170C (-184 and -274F). The advantage of LNG is that it offers an energy density comparable to petrol and diesel fuels, extending range and reducing refueling frequency.
Q – 5 What is CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)?
Ans- Compressed Natural Gas or CNG is stored on the vehicle in high-pressure tanks – 20 to 25 MPa (200 to 250 bar, or 3,000 to 3,600 psi). Natural gas consists mostly of methane and is drawn from gas wells or in conjunction with crude oil production.
As delivered through the pipeline system, it also contains hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane as well as other gases such as nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, sulphur compounds, and water vapour. A sulphur-based odourant is normally added to CNG to facilitate leak detection. Natural gas is lighter than air and thus will normally dissipate in the case of a leak, giving it a significant safety advantage over gasoline or LPG.
Q – 6 Who is Engineer?
Ans- An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics, and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical, societal and commercial problems. Engineers design materials, structures, and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.
Q – 7 What you know about Engineering?
Ans- Engineering word is derived from Latin ingenium, meaning “cleverness” and ingeniare, meaning “to contrive, devise” is the application of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, design, build, maintain, research, and improve structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
Q – 8 Explain the disciplines of engineering?
Ans- The discipline of engineering is extremely broad, and encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied science, technology and types of application.
Q – 9 What is heat treatment?
Ans- Heat treatment can be defined as a combination of processes or operations in which the heating and cooling of a metal or alloy is done in order to obtain desirable characteristics without changing the compositions.
Some of the motives or purpose of heat treatment are as follows:
☛ In order to improve the hardness of metals.
☛ For the softening of the metal.
☛ In order to improve the mach-inability of the metal.
☛ To change the grain size.
☛ To provide better resistance to heat, corrosion, wear etc.
Q – 10 Why generally performed heat treatment?
Ans-
Heat treatment is generally performed in the following ways:
☛ Normalizing
☛ Annealing
☛ Spheroidising
☛ Hardening
☛ Tempering
☛ Surface or case hardening
Q – 11 Explain rules for designing castings?
Ans-
☛ To avoid the concentration of stresses sharp corners and frequent use of fillets should be avoided.
☛ Section thicknesses should be uniform as much as possible. For variations it must be done gradually.
☛ Abrupt changes in the thickness should be avoided at all costs.
☛ Simplicity is the key, the casting should be designed as simple as possible.
☛ It is difficult to create true large spaces and henceforth large flat surfaces must be avoided.
☛ Webs and ribs used for stiffening in castings should as minimal as possible.
☛ Curved shapes can be used in order to improve the stress handling of the cast.
Q – 12 Are all engineers the same?
Ans- No. Just like scientists, engineers specialize in a particular field (discipline), based on their academic training. So while the main types of scientists out there are biologists, chemists and physicists, in engineering the main types are civil, computer, electrical and mechanical engineers – about two-thirds of all students studying engineering earn a degree in one of those four disciplines.
And again like science, there are many other fields that students can specialize in within engineering, such as aerospace, bio-medical, chemical and industrial/manufacturing, which the next most popular engineering majors out there. So don’t worry, there’s an engineering major out there waiting for you!
Q – 13 Can engineer really make a valuable contribution to society as an engineer, helping better my community, our nation and the world?
Ans- Helping to provide everyday things that we all depend on (such as clean water and electricity) to creating the latest in cutting-edge technology (such as biotechnology and nanotechnology), engineers “make a difference” every day, serving in a very real way as the architects of the modern world in which we live.
Q – 14 What specific things do engineers design, help to manufacture, build or help to operate and maintain?
Ans- Just look around you for the answers – cars, vans and trucks; roads, bridges and highways; trains, planes and buses; computers, cell phones and MP3 players; refrigerators, air conditioners and heating systems; etc. – the engineer’s invisible hand” in present in almost everything that you and others use and depend upon each and every day. Plus a multitude of other thing that are not as obvious: medical instruments, fire engines, farming equipment, food processing plants, sports equipment, musical instruments and recording equipment – and the list goes on and on.
Q – 15 How exactly do engineers turn science into reality?
Ans- By using their technical knowledge of science and math, along with equal doses of creativity and inventiveness, engineers first design something new or improve the design of something that already exists. They then get involved in manufacturing or building that new or better-designed thing bringing it to life. Finally, if it is a complicated thing (for instance, a power plant), engineers also get involved in operating and maintaining it keeping it alive and running in tip-top shape.
Q – 16 Suppose if that’s not what I thought an engineer was?
Ans- Unfortunately, engineers haven’t done a good job in getting the word out about what they really do (perhaps because they’re too busy doing it!). As a result, a lot of misconceptions exist about what engineering is and what engineers do, with people believing engineers to be anything from locomotive train operators to mechanics/technicians, to construction supervisors, to NASA personnel, to generic computer people. But now you know the truth as applied scientists, engineers turn science into reality.
Q – 17 Is engineer would be an applied scientist?
Ans- Yes! Someone who takes scientific discoveries and theory out of the laboratory and puts them to work in the real world. In short, engineers turn science into reality. So while traditional scientists produce knowledge, as applied scientists, engineers use that knowledge to produce things – products, structures/buildings, machines, technology, complex systems, etc. Just about anything you can think of that is man-made.
Q – 18 What is engineering?
Ans- Engineering is defined in the dictionary as “the practical application of science and math – and that definition really does capture what engineering is all about, Bringing science with the help of math to life by creating practical, real-world things. So in a very real sense, engineering is applied science.