Top Most Opthalmology Objective Questions
Q – 1 The following are true (Ophthalmology):
* a) The HLA proteins are found within the cytoplasm of the cells
* b) HLA class I antigens are expressed on all cells with nuclei
* c) HLA class II antigens presents the virus infected cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes
* d) HLA genes are found on chromosome 6
* e) HLA tissue typing is carried out in all forms of transplantation to prevent rejection
Answer a. F b. T c .F d. T e. F
Q – 2 True statements about chromosome include:
* a) There are 23 pairs of autosomal chromosome traits
* b) 23 chromosomes are found in germinal cells
* d) In female only one chromosome is activated
* c) The Barr body is due to inactivated X chromosome
* e) Klinefelter’s syndrome result from an extra X chromosome in male
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. T e .F
Q – 3 The following are true about the DNA in mitochondria:
* a) They are found in the ovum and not the spermatozoan
* b) They have their own genome
* c) They are expressed in muscle cells
* d) An affected male with mitochondrial disorder can pass it on to his daughter only
* e) They are responsible for coding enzymes used in oxidation
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 4 The following enzymes on the left are responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitters on the right:
* a) Monoamine oxidase: noradrenaline
* b) Cholinesterase: acetylcholine
* c) Catechol-o-methyl transferase: dopamine
* d) Dopa decarboxylase: adrenaline
* e) Glutamic acid decarboxylase: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Answer a. F b. F c. F d. T e. T
Q – 5 Recognized virulence factors in bacteria include:
* a) Ig A-proteases
* b) Beta lactamases
* c) gonococcal pili
* d) Streptococcal M protein
* e) The capsular polysaccharides in Haemophilus influenzae
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. T e.
Q – 6 The following are true about the viruses:
* a) They contain either RNA or DNA nuclei acids only
* b) HIV virus is a DNA virus
* c) Cytomegalovirus is a DNA virus
* d) All herpes viruses are sensitive to acyclovir
* e) Viral replication within the host cells is inhibited by interferons
Answer a. T b. F c. T d .F e. T
Q – 7 With regard to immunoglobulin A:
* a) It is the heaviest immunoglobulin
* b) It is the first immunoglobulin to be produced when the body is invaded by viruses
* c) It is secreted by the lacrimal gland
* d) It is secreted in the breast milk
* e) It is an effective defense against gonococcus
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. T
Q – 8 In allergic reaction:
* a) Arthus reaction is a type IV reaction
* b) Anaphylaxis occurs in patients who have had no previous exposure to the offending substance
* c) Contact dermatitis is a type IV reaction
* d) Positive Mantoux test is a type III reaction
* e) Urticaria is a type II reaction
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. F e. T
Q – 9 True statements about the nucleic acid include:
* a) Contains purine and pyrimidine which are bound together by covalent bonds
* b) There is always an equal concentration of purine and pyrimidine
* c) In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil
* d) Introns is more common than exons on the DNA
* e) The histones mark the excision site
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. F
Q – 10 At the adrenergic synapse, the concentration of adrenaline in synaptic cleft:
* a) Increased by cocaine which inhibit reuptake of adrenaline
* b) Decreased by MAO (monoamine oxidase) – inhibitors
* c) Controlled chiefly by the activity of the enzyme COMT
* d) Increased by noradrenaline receptor blockers
* e) Increased by partial agonist of noradrenaline receptors
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. T e. T
Q – 11 True statements about chloroquine include:
* a) Is safer than hydroxychloroquine at equivalent dose
* b) Can cause corneal deposition
* c) Causes posterior subcapsular cataract
* d) Chloroquine is bound to the melanin of the retinal pigment epithelium
* e) Causes reversible toxic maculopathy
Answer a. F b. T c. F d. T e F
Q – 12 Impaired accommodation occurs with
* a) Phenothiazine
* b) Topical pilocarpine
* c) Topical atropine
* d) Topical phenylephrine
* e) Topical cocaine
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. F e. T
Q – 13 The effects of topically applied anticholinesterase on the eye include:
* a) Conjunctival hyperaemia
* b) Raised intraocular pressure
* c) Ciliary muscle contraction
* d) Sphincter pupillae muscle relaxation
* e) Retraction of the upper lids
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. F e. F
Q – 14 Acetazolamide causes the following:
* a) Metabolic acidosis
* b) Hyperkalaemia
* c) Hypernatraemia
* d) Renal calculi
* e) Hypercalcaemia
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. T e. F
Q – 15 Following an acute inflammation, the following may occur:
* a) Complete resolution
* b) Abscess formation
* c) Chronic inflammation
* d) Scar tissue formation
* e) Loss of function
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. T e. T
Q – 16 The following virus is associated with human cancer:
* a) Herpes zoster
* b) Epstein-Barr virus
* c) Human papillovirus
* d) Hepatitis type A
* e) Human immunodeficiency virus
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 17 Endotoxins:
* a) Is involved in botulism
* b) Elicit an antibody response, which may protect the host from future attack
* c) Is produced mainly by Gram positive bacterial
* d) Can often survive autoclaving
* e) Is found in the vesicle of bacterial cytoplasm
Answer a. F b. F c. F d. T e. F
Q – 18 The following are true:
* a) Fusidic acid is used in staphylococcus aureus infection
* b) Intravenous vancomycin is useful in treating post-operative endophthalmitis
* c) Rifampicin is only effective against tuberculosis
* d) Gentamicin is effective against Gram-positive coccus
* e) Penicillin is effect against Gram-positive coccus, Gram-negative bacilli and coccus
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. F e. F
Q – 19 Gram-negative rods that are known to cause ocular diseases include:
* a) Proteus vulgaris
* b) Serratia marcescans
* c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* d) Moraxella lacunata
* e) Haemophilus influenza
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. T e. T
Q – 20 Regarding interferon:
* a) It is a virus specific molecule
* b) It acts by neutralizing exotoxin
* c) It enhances the histocompatibility antigen on cell surface and thereby activates the T cells
* d) It exerts its effect by integrating itself with the DNA of virus-infected cells
* e) It can inhibit cell division in normal tissue
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. F e. T
Q – 21 In the inner ear
* a) endolymph is found in the tunnel of Corti
* b) The lowest tone that be heard is 300 Hz
* c) The perilymph has the same composition as the cerebrospinal fluid
* d) The longer fibers of the basilar membrane are found at the apex
* e) Linear acceleration is detected by maculae of the utricles
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. T
Q – 22 The following are true about blood coagulation:
* a) Heparin inhibits blood coagulation through its interference with vitamin K metabolism in the liver
* b) Addition of vitamin K to freshly drawn blood delays clotting
* c) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
* d) Platelets are essential for blood clot
* e) Vitamin K is responsible for the production of factors II, VII, IX and X
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. T
Q – 23 With regard to the autonomic nervous system:
* a) The dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves
* b) The preganglionic sympathetic fibers are usually longer than preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
* c) Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the ganglia of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
* d) Botulin toxin blocks acetylcholine receptors
* e) Hemicholinium blocks the synthesis of acetylcholine
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. F e. T
Q – 24 Glycocylated haemoglobin:
* a) Is absent in the plasma of people without diabetes mellitus
* b) The levels of Hb A1C are a good index of glucose-induced arteriolar dilatation and consequent damage to renal function in diabetics
* c) Results from the combination of a HbA and a sugar
* d) When measured as HbA1c in plasma gives more accurate retrospective estimates of blood sugar levels than other glycosylated products
* e) Is increased in diabetic patient with concurrent sickle cell disease
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. F
Q – 25 Stretch reflex:
* a) Is a monosynaptic reflex with a response time of 1 msec
* b) Is enhanced by impulses from Golgi tendon organ
* c) Originates in the muscle spindle which sends off impulses in type Ia nerve fibers
* d) Is intensified by impulses in the gamma efferent fibers
* e) Is decreased in lesion of the motor cortex
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. T e. F
Q – 26 True statements about EOG include:
* a) It depends on a normal retinal pigment epithelium
* b) It can be easily produced in the anaesthetized patients
* c) The maximal dark response exceeds the light response in normal people
* d) It is given in an absolute value in microvolts
* e) In Best’s disease, EOG is abnormal in the presence of normal ERG
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T
Q – 27 True statements about ERG include:
* a) It is abnormal in-patient with amblyopia
* b) It can be performed on anaesthetized patients
* c) It is affected by optic neuritis
* d) The a wave is produced by the photoreceptors
* e) Dark adaptation increase the amplitude of the a and b wave as well as the latency
Answer a. F b. T c. F d. T e. T
Q – 28 True statements about the aqueous humour:
* a) Has a higher lactic acid concentration than in the plasma
* b) The glucose levels is lower than that of the plasma levels
* c) The ascorbic acid concentration is twice that of the plasma
* d) It contains the same concentration of protein as in the plasma
* e) The rate of formation is about 2.5ul/minute
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T
Q – 29 With regard to the blood retina barrier:
* a) The outer blood retina is formed by the retinal pigment epithelium cells and their junctions
* b) The basement membrane of the retinal capillaries is a major component of the inner blood retina barrier
* c) The blood retina barrier is typically defective in the immediate perpapillary region
* d) The retinal vascular endothelial cells can actively transport fluid and anions from the extra cellular space of the retina into the circulation
* e) Inhalation of 10 % of carbon dioxide causes rapid breakdown of the inner blood retinal barrier
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. T e. T
Q – 30 During phototransduction:
* a) Hyperpolarisation occurs due to closure of the sodium channels
* b) Dark current only occurs in the presence of photoreceptors stimulation
* c) 11-cis-retinal molecules are converted to all-trans-retinal
* d) Transducin, a G protein converts GDP to GTP
* e) 10 photons are required to stimulate a single rod
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. T e. F
Q – 31 True statement about dark adaptation includes:
* a) There is a shift in peak spectral sensitivity from 555 nm to 505 nm with dark adaptation
* b) Rods are more sensitive than cone during dark adaptation
* c) Biphasic changes only occur in retina, which processes both rods and cones
* d) Its takes about 30 seconds in man
* e) It is delayed in-patient with vitamin A deficiency
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 32 The human lens:
* a) Has a higher refractive index in the nucleus than the cortex
* b) Contains a higher potassium concentration than the aqueous
* c) Contains a higher concentration of sorbitol in diabetic patient than normal population
* d) Glucose is metabolised mainly by aerobic glycolysis
* e) Contains nucleated cells mainly on its posterior surface
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. F
Q – 33 The tear film:
* a) Contributes to the refractive function of the eye
* b) Is partly formed from the goblet cells
* c) Is 100um thick?
* d) Its normal break-up time is 5 to 15 seconds
* e) Is decreased with topical atropine
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. F e. T
Q – 34 The intraocular pressure can fluctuate:
* a) Seasonally
* b) Diurnally
* c) With eye movements
* d) In optic neuritis
* e) With fluid intake
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 35 The retinal-pigment epithelium cells are
* a) esterify and store excess retinol
* b) Transport retinol-binding protein from blood to subretinal space
* c) Are secured laterally to each other by tight junction
* d) Are independent units and do not communicate electrically or metabolically with each other
* e) Dehydrate the subretinal space and create forces binding themselves to neurosensory retina
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 36 The following are true about entopic phenomenon:
* a) It can be produced by cells in the vitreous
* b) It can be produced by palpation of the eyeballs
* c) The size of one’s pupil can be observed with a pinhole
* d) Asteroid hyalosis causes significant visual disturbance due to entopic phenomenon
* e) Haidinger’s brushes are produced by the inner plexiform layers
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 37 In binocular vision:
* a) Only points on the horopter fall on the corresponding retinal point
* b) Points in front of the horopter will stimulate binasal retina
* c) Points outside the horopter is perceived doubly
* d) The Panum’s fusional area is wider in the centre than the periphery
* e) Sensory fusion refers to the cortical integration of images perceived by the two eyes
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T
Q – 38 During accommodation for near:
* a) The spherical aberration of the eye increases
* b) The ciliary muscle relaxes
* c) The field of vision decreases
* d) The amount of light entering the eye increases
* e) The thickness of the lens increases
Answer a. F b. F c. T c. F e. T
Q – 39 Vergence movement:
* a) is more rapid than pursuit movement
* b) is required for stereoscopic vision
* c) Is stimulated by blurred images on the retina
* d) Is an involuntary eye movement
* e) The extent of the movement is determined by the near point and far point of accommodation
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 40 Glucagon:
* a) Is secreted by beta-islet cell of pancreas
* b) Is a polypeptide hormone
* c) Has a positive cardiac inotropic effect
* d) Causes gluconeogenesis in the liver
* e) Causes glycogenolysis in the liver
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. T e. T
Q – 41 The following structures arise from the first pharyngeal arch:
* a) Common carotid artery
* b) Mandible
* c) Facial nerve
* d) orbicularis oculi
* e) temporalis
Answer a. F b. T c. F d. F e. T
Q – 42 With respect to lens development:
* a) The lens first appears at 27 days of gestation
* b) It is formed from neural crest cells
* c) The lens first appears as vesicles with a single layer of epithelial cells
* d) Y suture is absent in the embryonic nucleus
* e) The adult lens is more spherical than the foetal
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. T e. F
Q – 43 The hyaloid artery:
* a) Arises from the dorsal ophthalmic artery
* b) Communicates freely with the choroidal circulation throughout development
* c) Regresses after birth
* d) Bergmeister’s papillae is a remnant
* e) forms part of the vascular propria lentis
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. T e. T
Q – 44 The following structures are of ectodermal origin:
* a) The retina and its retinal pigment epithelium
* b) Iris stroma
* c) The sclera
* d) The ciliary muscle
* e) The corneal stroma
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T
Q – 45 In the development of the eye:
* a) The orbit is completed by 10th week of gestation
* b) The orbit arises from fusion between the lateral nasal process and the maxilla
* c) The lower eyelids are formed by the maxillary process
* d) Upper lids arise from fronto-nasal process
* e) The nasolacrimal duct arises from the ectoderm of of nasolacrimal groove
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. T e. T
Q – 46 In the head and neck:
* a) The lymph from the upper lid drains to the parotid and submandibular lymph nodes
* b) The facial nerve comes from the first pharyngeal arch
* c) Branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply the skin of the scalp as far backward as the vertex
* d) The veins of the scalp are connected to both the diploic veins and the intracranial venous sinuses
* e) A unilateral cleft lip is a failure of the maxillary process to fuse with the medial nasal process
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. T
Q – 47 The parotid gland:
* a) Contains a fascial sheath which is innervated by second cervical nerve
* b) Receives post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve from the otic ganglion
* c) Contains a duct which opens into the mouth opposite the upper canine tooth
* d) Is composed of serous acini which contribute to the saliva
* e) Is covered by the massenter
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. T e. F
Q – 48 In the eyelids:
* a) The tarsal plate is a continuation of the orbital septum
* b) The meibomian glands secrete much in rich secretion
* c) The orifices of the meibomian glands are anterior to the root of eyelashes
* d) The lower lid is supplied by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve exclusively
* e) There are more meibomian glands in the upper than lower lids
Answer a. T b. F c. F d .F e. T
Q – 49 The inferior rectus muscle:
* a) Is inserted 6.5 cm behind limbus
* b) Is innervated from its inferior surface
* c) Is attached to the lower lid
* d) Is the main depressor of the globe when the eye is adducted?
* e) lies inferior to the inferior oblique muscle
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. F e. T
Q – 50 The ciliary ganglion:
 * a) Is found between the optic nerve and the medial rectus
* b) Contains sympathetic nerve that supplies the sphincter pupillae
* c) Is a parasympathetic relay ganglion for fibers from the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus?
* d) Contains sensory nerve
* e) Has a motor nerve that goes to the inferior oblique
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. F
Q – 51 The nasociliary nerve supplies:
* a) The sphenoidal sinus
* b) ethmoidal sinus
* c) Cornea
* d) lacrimal sac
* e) Dilator pupillae
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. T e. T
Q – 52 The cornea:
* a) is thicker centrally than peripherally
* b) Contains 10,000 endothelium cells per square mm at birth
* c) Has an acellular collagenous stroma
* d) Contain Descemet’s membrane is produced by the endothelium
* e) Has a refractive index of 1.38
Answer a. F b. F c. F d. T e. T
Q – 53 The vitreous:
* a) Is firmly attached to the pars plana
* b) Has a high concentration of hyaluronic acid
* c) Is a hydrogel with a water content of 80%
* d) Contains calcium in asteroid hyalosis
* e) Contains collagen which is mainly type II
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. T e. T
Q – 54 The globe:
* a) Is closer to the orbital floor than the roof
* b) Is closer to the lateral wall of the orbital cavity than to medial wall
* c) Has a vertical diameter less than the anteroposterior diameter
* d) Has an anterior segment which form 1/4 of the circumference
* e) is least protected laterally
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 55 The following are true about lacrimal gland:
* a) The palpebral part drains into the superior conjunctival fornix through 12 ducts
* b) The palpebral part of the gland is 1/3 the size of the orbital part
* c) Excision of palpebral but no the orbital part abolish the tear secretion by the gland
* d) It receives secretomotor nerve from the third cranial nerve
* e) The lymphatic drainage is to parotid gland
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. F e. T
Q – 56 With regard to the lacrimal drainage system:
* a) The upper lacrimal punctum is lateral to the lower punctum
* b) The lacrimal canaliculi are lined by stratified squamous epithelium
* c) nasolacrimal duct is narrowest at the lowest end
* d) nasolacrimal duct runs downwards, lateral and forwards to the anterior part of inferior meatus
* e) Congenital blockage is due mainly to delay development of common canaliculus
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. F e. F
Q – 57 The cells of the retinal pigment epithelium:
* a) Are of mesenchymal origin
* b) Are shorter at the fovea than else where in the retina
* c) Have intracellular melanosomes
* d) Regenerate visual pigment
* e) Form the inner outer blood-retina barrier
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. F
Q – 58 The optic chiasm:
* a) Forms the floor of the recess of the third ventricle
* b) is inferior to the medial root of the olfactory tract
* c) Has the internal carotid artery as its immediate lateral relation
* d) Has the mamillary bodies lying immediately posterior to it
* e) Is in close relation to the oculomotor nerve inferiorly
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. F
Q – 59 True statement about the facial nerve includes:
* a) Its nucleus is in the floor of the fourth ventricle
* b) Its fibres reach the surface of the brain in the cerebellopontine angle
* c) Transmits taste fibres for the anterior half of the tongue
* d) Gives the deep petrosal nerve as branch to the sphenopalatine ganglion
* e) Has a sensory component that supplies the outer ear
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T
Q – 60 The following are true about cerebrospinal fluid:
* a) It is found in the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid
* b) The normal amount in human being is about 500 ml
* c) With the body lying in lateral horizontal position, the normal intracranial pressure is about 100 ml of water
* d) Only, the lateral ventricle contains choroidal plexus, which secrete cerebrospinal fluid
* e) Cerebrospinal fluid contains the same concentration of glucose as the blood
Answer a. T b. F .T d. F e. F