@Model.CustomerName

8) What is the meaning of Unobtrusive JavaScript?

This is a general term that conveys a general philosophy, similar to the term REST (Representational State Transfer). Unobtrusive JavaScript doesn’t intermix JavaScript code in your page markup.

Eg : Instead of using events like onclick and onsubmit, the unobtrusive JavaScript attaches to elements by their ID or class based on the HTML5 data- attributes.

9) What is the use of ViewModel in MVC?

ViewModel is a plain class with properties, which is used to bind it to strongly typed view. ViewModel can have the validation rules defined for its properties using data annotations.

10) What you mean by Routing in MVC?

Routing is a pattern matching mechanism of incoming requests to the URL patterns which are registered in route table. Class – “UrlRoutingModule” is used for the same process.

11) What are Actions in MVC?

Actions are the methods in Controller class which is responsible for returning the view or json data. Action will mainly have return type – “ActionResult” and it will be invoked from method – “InvokeAction()” called by controller.

12) What is Attribute Routing in MVC?

ASP.NET Web API supports this type routing. This is introduced in MVC5. In this type of routing, attributes are being used to define the routes. This type of routing gives more control over classic URI Routing. Attribute Routing can be defined at controller level or at

Action level like –

[Route(“{action = TestCategoryList}”)] – Controller Level
[Route(“customers/{TestCategoryId:int:min(10)}”)] – Action Level

13) How to enable Attribute Routing?

Just add the method – “MapMvcAttributeRoutes()” to enable attribute routing as shown below

public static void RegistearRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoareRoute(“{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}”);

//enabling attribute routing
routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
//convention-based routing
routes.MapRoute
(
name: “Default”,
url: “{controller}/{action}/{id}”,
defaults: new { controller = “Customer”, action = “GetCustomerList”, id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
}

14) Explain JSON Binding?

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) binding support started from MVC3 onwards via the new JsonValueProviderFactory, which allows the action methods to accept and model-bind data in JSON format. This is useful in Ajax scenarios like client templates and data binding that need to post data back to the server.

15) Explain Dependency Resolution?

Dependency Resolver again has been introduced in MVC3 and it is greatly simplified the use of dependency injection in your applications. This turn to be easier and useful for decoupling the application components and making them easier to test and more configurable.

16) Explain Bundle.Config in MVC4?

“BundleConfig.cs” in MVC4 is used to register the bundles by the bundling and minification system. Many bundles are added by default including jQuery libraries like – jquery.validate, Modernizr, and default CSS references.

17) How route table has been created in ASP.NET MVC?

Method – “RegisterRoutes()” is used for registering the routes which will be added in “Application_Start()” method of global.asax file, which is fired when the application is loaded or started.

18) Which are the important namespaces used in MVC?

Below are the important namespaces used in MVC –

System.Web.Mvc
System.Web.Mvc.Ajax
System.Web.Mvc.Html
System.Web.Mvc.Async

19) What is ViewData?

Viewdata contains the key, value pairs as dictionary and this is derived from class – “ViewDataDictionary“. In action method we are setting the value for viewdata and in view the value will be fetched by typecasting.

20) What is the difference between ViewBag and ViewData in MVC?

ViewBag is a wrapper around ViewData, which allows to create dynamic properties.

Advantage of viewbag over viewdata will be –

In ViewBag no need to typecast the objects as in ViewData.
ViewBag will take advantage of dynamic keyword which is introduced in version 4.0. But before using ViewBag we have to keep in mind that ViewBag is slower than ViewData.

40) What are Scaffold templates in MVC?

Scaffolding in ASP.NET MVC is used to generate the Controllers,Model and Views for create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) functionality in an application. The scaffolding will be knowing the naming conventions used for models and controllers and views.

41) Explain the types of Scaffoldings.

Below are the types of scaffoldings –
Empty
Create
Delete
Details
Edit
List

42) Can a view be shared across multiple controllers? If Yes, How we can do that?

Yes, we can share a view across multiple controllers. We can put the view in the “Shared” folder. When we create a new MVC Project we can see the Layout page will be added in the shared folder, which is because it is used by multiple child pages.

43) What are the components required to create a route in MVC?

Name – This is the name of the route.

URL Pattern – Placeholders will be given to match the request URL pattern.

Defaults –When loading the application which controller, action to be loaded along with the parameter.

44) Why to use “{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}” in routing in MVC?

Using this default route – {resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}, we can prevent the requests for the web resources files like – WebResource.axd or ScriptResource.axd from passing to a controller.

45) Can we add constraints to the route? If yes, explain how we can do it?

Yes we can add constraints to route in following ways –

Using Regular Expressions
Using object which implements interface – IRouteConstraint.

46) What are the possible Razor view extensions?

Below are the two types of extensions razor view can have –

.cshtml – In C# programming language this extension will be used.

.vbhtml – In VB programming language this extension will be used.

47) What is PartialView in MVC?

PartialView is similar to UserControls in traditional web forms. For re-usability purpose partial views are used. Since it’s been shared with multiple views these are kept in shared folder.

Partial Views can be rendered in following ways –

Html.Partial()
Html.RenderPartial()

48) How we can add the CSS in MVC?

Below is the sample code snippet to add css to razor views –

49) Can I add MVC Testcases in Visual Studio Express?

No. We cannot add the test cases in Visual Studio Express edition it can be added only in Professional and Ultimate versions of Visual Studio.

50) What is the use .Glimpse in MVC?

Glimpse is an open source tool for debugging the routes in MVC. It is the client side debugger. Glimpse has to be turned on by visiting to local url link –

http://localhost:portname//glimpse.axd

This is a popular and useful tool for debugging which tracks the speed details, url details etc.

51) What is the need of Action Filters in MVC?

Action Filters allow us to execute the code before or after action has been executed. This can be done by decorating the action methods of controls with MVC attributes.

52) Mention some action filters which are used regularly in MVC?

Below are some action filters used –

Authentication
Authorization
HandleError
OutputCache

53) How can we determine action invoked from HTTP GET or HTTP POST?

This can be done in following way –

Use class – “HttpRequestBase” and use the method – “HttpMethod” to determine the action request type.

54) In Server how to check whether model has error or not in MVC?

Whenever validation fails it will be tracked in ModelState. By using property – IsValid it can be determined.

In Server code, check like this –

if(ModelState.IsValid){
// No Validation Errors
}

55) How to make sure Client Validation is enabled in MVC?

In Web.Config there are tags called – “ClientValidationEnabled” and “UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled”. We can set the client side validation just by setting these two tags “true”, then this setting will be applied at the application level.

<add key=”ClientValidationEnabled” value=”true” />
<add key=”UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled” value=”true” />

56) What are Model Binders in MVC?

For Model Binding we will use class called – “ModelBinders”, which gives access to all the model binders in an application. We can create a custom model binders by inheriting “IModelBinder”.

57) How we can handle the exception at controller level in MVC?

Exception Handling is made simple in MVC and it can be done by just overriding “OnException” and set the result property of the filtercontext object (as shown below) to the view detail, which is to be returned in case of exception.

protected overrides void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
{
}

58) Does Tempdata hold the data for other request in MVC?

If Tempdata is assigned in the current request then it will be available for the current request and the subsequent request and it depends whether data in TempData read or not. If data in Tempdata is read then it would not be available for the subsequent requests.

59) Explain Keep method in Tempdata in MVC?

As explained above in case data in Tempdata has been read in current request only then “Keep” method has been used to make it available for the subsequent request.

@TempData[“TestData”];
TempData.Keep(“TestData”);

60) Explain Peek method in Tempdata in MVC?

Similar to Keep method we have one more method called “Peek” which is used for the same purpose. This method used to read data in Tempdata and it maintains the data for subsequent request.

string A4str = TempData.Peek(“TT”).ToString();

61) What is Area in MVC?

Area is used to store the details of the modules of our project. This is really helpful for big applications, where controllers, views and models are all in main controller, view and model folders and it is very difficult to manage.

62) How we can register the Area in MVC?

When we have created an area make sure this will be registered in “Application_Start” event in Global.asax. Below is the code snippet

where area registration is done –

protected void Application_Start()
{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
}

63) What are child actions in MVC?

To create reusable widgets child actions are used and this will be embedded into the parent views. In MVC Partial views are used to have reusability in the application. Child action mainly returns the partial views.

64) How we can invoke child actions in MVC?

“ChildActionOnly” attribute is decorated over action methods to indicate that action method is a child action. Below is the code snippet used to denote the child action –

[ChildActionOnly]
public ActionResult MenuBar()
{
//Logic here
return PartialView();
}

65) What is Dependency Injection in MVC?

It’s a design pattern and is used for developing loosely couple code. This is greatly used in the software projects. This will reduce the coding in case of changes on project design so this is vastly used.

66) Explain the advantages of Dependency Injection (DI) in MVC?

Below are the advantages of DI –

Reduces class coupling
Increases code reusing
Improves code maintainability
Improves application testing

67) Explain Test Driven Development (TDD) ?

TDD is a methodology which says, write your tests first before you write your code. In TDD, tests drive your application design and development cycles. You do not do the check-in of your code into source control until all of your unit tests pass.

68) Explain the tools used for unit testing in MVC?

Below are the tools used for unit testing –

NUnit
xUnit.NET
Ninject 2
Moq

69) What is Representational State Transfer (REST) mean?

REST is an architectural style which uses HTTP protocol methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to access the data. MVC works in this style. In MVC 4 there is a support for Web API which uses to build the service using HTTP verbs.

70) How to use Jquery Plugins in MVC validation?

We can use dataannotations for validation in MVC. If we want to use validation during runtime using Jquery then we can use Jquery plugins for validation.

Eg: If validation is to be done on customer name textbox then we can do as –

$(‘#CustomerName’).rules(“add”, {
required: true,
minlength: 2,
messages: {
required: “Please enter name”,
minlength: “Minimum length is 2”
}
});

71) How we can multiple submit buttons in MVC?

Below is the scenario and the solution to solve multiple submit buttons issue.

Scenario –

@using (Html.BeginForm(“MyTestAction”,”MyTestController”)
{
}
Solution :

Public ActionResult MyTestAction(string submit) //submit will have value either “MySave” or “MyEdit”
{
// Write code here
}

72) What are the differences between Partial View and Display Template and Edit Templates in MVC?

Display Templates – These are model centric. Meaning it depends on the properties of the view model used. It uses convention that will only display like divs or labels.

Edit Templates – These are also model centric but will have editable controls like Textboxes.

Partial View – These are view centric. These will differ from templates by the way they render the properties (Id’s) Eg :

CategoryViewModel has Product class property then it will be rendered as Model.Product.ProductName but in case of templates if we CategoryViewModel has List then @Html.DisplayFor(m => m.Products) works and it renders the template for each item of this list.

73) Can I set the unlimited length for “maxJsonLength” property in config?

No. We can’t set unlimited length for property maxJsonLength. Default value is – 102400 and maximum value what we can set would be – 2147483644.

74) Can I use Razor code in Javascript in MVC?

Yes. We can use the razor code in javascript in cshtml by using element.

75) How can I return string result from Action in MVC?

Below is the code snippet to return string from action method –

public ActionResult TestAction() {
return Content(“Hello Test !!”);
}

76) How to return the JSON from action method in MVC?

Below is the code snippet to return string from action method –

public ActionResult TestAction() {
return JSON(new { prop1 = “Test1”, prop2 = “Test2” });
}

77) How we can override the action names in MVC?

If we want to override the action names we can do like this –

[ActionName(“NewActionName”)]
public ActionResult TestAction() {
return View();
}