List Of Top CCNA Interview Questions Part – 5

1.What is Autonomous System?

A group of Networks under mutual administration that share the same routing methodology. Autonomous Systems are subdivided by Areas and must be assigned an individual 16-bit number by the IANA.

2.What is BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)?

BGP is a protocol used to advertise the set of networks that can be reached within an autonomous system. BGP enables this information to be shared with the autonomous system. This is newer than EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).

3.What is Kerberos?

An authentication mechanism used to verify user or host identity. Kerberos uses encryption to prevent intruders from discovering passwords and gaining unauthorized access to files.

4.What is OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)?

OSPF is the first Open Standard Link State Routing Protocol. It’s a Classless Routing Protocol meaning when updates are sent they send both IP address and Subnet mask. Administrative Distance is 1
10. Metric used is Cost i.e. Cost= 108

5.What is SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)?

An industry standard serial encapsulation for point-to-point connections that supports only a single routed protocol,TCP/IP.

6.What is RIP (Routing Information Protocol)?

Rip run on any Routers hence called as Open Standard Distance Vector Routing Protocol. It’s a classfull routing protocol meaning when updates are sent they send only IP address but not subnet mask. Administrative Distance is 120. Metric used is Hop counts (number of routers to cross to reach the destination). Rip uses algorithm name Bellman Ford Algorithm to determine the best path selection.

Supports maximum 15 Hops. Supports 6 paths if there is a tie in metric i.e. same metric. RIP Timers Route update timer – 30seconds Route invalid timer – 180 seconds Holddown timer – 180 seconds Route flush timer – 240 seconds

7.BOOTP helps a diskless workstation boot. How does it get a message to the network looking for its ip address?

A protocol used primarily on TCP/IP networks to configure diskless workstations. BOOTP sends a UDP message with a subnetwork broadcast address and waits for a reply from a server that gives it the IP address.

8.Describe,in general terms,the reasons for implementing LAN segmentation.

It confines user traffic to a segment and addresses and solves distance limitation problems. Segmentation also cuts down on the traffic generated by broadcasts and multicasts,and thereby increases performance. Because of the reduction of the size of the segment,collisions and overall traffic also are reduced.

9.What services do bridges and switches provide?

Bridges and switches can determine whether a frame is destined for the local network segment or needs to be forwarded to another network segment based on the destination MAC address.

10.How do Data Link layer addresses and Network addresses differ?

Give a description of each. Besides the names suggesting that addresses reside at different layers,other differences do exist. Data Link layer addresses are assigned by the manufacturer and identify the actual hardware device. A Network layer address is a logical address assigned by the network administrator to identify a device running a Network layer protocol,such as IP.

11.What is the difference between interior and exterior neighbour gateways?

Interior gateways connect LANs of one organization,whereas exterior gateways connect the organization to the outside world.

12.What is the HELLO protocol used for?

The HELLO protocol uses time instead of distance to determine optimal routing. It is an alternative to the Routing Information Protocol.

13.What is the difference between routable and non- routable protocols?

Routable protocols can work with a router and can be used to build large networks. Non-Routable protocols are designed to work on small,local networks and cannot be used with a router.

14.What is the difference between TFTP and FTP application layer protocols?

TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol A stripped down version of FTP,easy to use and fast. TFTP has no Directory browsing,no Authentication and insecure it can only send and receive files. FTP – File Transfer Protocol The TCP/IP protocol used for transmitting files between network nodes. FTP allows access to both Directories and files,manipulating directories,typing file contents and copying files between hosts.

15.What is difference between ARP and RARP?

ARP – Address Resolution Protocol The protocol that traces IP addresses to MAC addresses. RARP – Reverse Address Resolution Protocol The protocol within the TCP/IP stack that maps MAC addresses to IP addresses.

16.What is ICMP?

ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a Network Layer Internet protocol,which can report errors and status information. We can use the ping command to send ICMP echo request messages and record the receipt of ICMP echo reply messages. With these messages,we can detect network or host communication failures and troubleshoot common TCP/IP connectivity problems.

17.BWhat is Cladding?

A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.

18.What is Attenuation?

In communication weakening or loss of signal energy,typically caused by distance.

19.What are NetBIOS and NetBEUI?

NetBIOS – Network Basic Input / Output System An application-programming interface (API) that can be used by programs on a local area network (LAN). NetBIOS provides programs with a uniform set of commands for requesting the lower-level services required to manage names,conduct sessions,and send datagrams between nodes on a network. NetBEUI – NetBIOS Extended User Interface An improved version of the NetBIOS protocol,a network protocol native to Microsoft Networking.

It is usually used in small,department-size local area networks (LANs) of 1 to 200 clients. It can use Token Ring source routing as its only method of routing.