Important 100 MCSE Interview Questions

Important 100 MCSE Interview Questions

Q – 2 What is the use of ping command?

Ans- by using the ping command we can know wether our network is dead or alive……….

Q – 3 What is patch management?

Ans- Patch management is an area of systems management that involves acquiring, testing, and installing multiple patches (code changes) to an administered computer system. Patch management tasks include: maintaining current knowledge of available patches, deciding what patches are appropriate for particular systems, ensuring that patches are installed properly, testing systems after installation, and documenting all associated procedures, such as specific configurations required. A number of products are available to automate patch management tasks, including Ringmaster’s Automated Patch Management, Patch Link Update, and Gibraltar’s Ever guard

Q – 4 What is difference between TCP/IP and UDP?

Ans- TCP – Transfer Control Protocol.

* a. Reliable
* b.Connection oriented.
* c.Acknowledgement

UDP – User Datagram Protocol.

* a.Non Reliable
* b.Connectionless
* c.No Acknowledgement

Q – 5 What is NVT (Network Virtual Terminal)?

Ans- It is a set of rules defining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. The NVT is used in the start of a Telnet session.

Q – 6 What is RIP (Routing Information Protocol)?

Ans- It is a simple protocol used to exchange information between the routers.

Q – 7 What is SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol)?

Ans- It is a very simple protocol used for transmission of IP datagrams across a serial line.

Q – 8 What is Kerberos?

Ans- It is an authentication service developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kerberos uses encryption to prevent intruders from discovering passwords and gaining unauthorized access to files.

Q – 9 What is IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)?

Ans- It is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system.

Q – 10 What is EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)?

Ans- It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems. It is used to identify the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system.

Q – 11 What are NETBIOS and NETBEUI?

Ans- NETBIOS is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and received from a remote computer and it hides the networking hardware from applications. NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by Microsoft and IBM is for the use on small subnets.

Q – 12 What is packet filter?

Ans- Packet filter is a standard router equipped with some extra functionality. The extra functionality allows every incoming or outgoing packet to be inspected. Packets meeting some criterion are forwarded normally. Those that fail the test are dropped.

Q – 13 What is redirector?

Ans- Redirector is software that intercepts file or prints I/O requests and translates them into network requests. This comes under presentation layer.

Q – 14 Define GSM Technology

Ans- GSM is a short-range wireless technology and is usually used in the mobile phones, hand help devices, MP3 players, Laptops, computers and in cars.

Q – 15 What is a Frame Relay?

Ans- Frame relay is high-speed data communication technology that operates at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Frame relay uses frames for data transmission in a network.

Q – 16 What is a RAS server?

Ans- RAS or remote access server allows you to remote dial in through the desktop computers, laptops, and GSM mobile phones.

Q – 17 Define Bluetooth Technology

Ans- Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that uses radio waves for communication. Many mobile phones, laptops, MP3 players have built in features of the Bluetooth.

Q – 18 What is VOIP?

Ans- VOIP or voice over internet protocol is a technology that uses IP based networks such as internet or private networks to transmit the voice communication.

Q – 19 What is Virtual Private Network (VPN) and how does it work?

Ans- VPN or virtual private network is used to connect two networks by means internet. VPN uses PPTP (point-to-point tunneling protocol) and other security procedures to make a secure tunnel on internet.

Q – 20 What is UDP?

Ans- UDP or user datagram protocol is a connectionless protocol that is used to transfer the data without any error handling.

Q – 21 What are the standard port numbers for SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, RPC, LDAP, and FTP?

Ans- SMTP – 25, POP3 – 110, IMAP4 – 143, RPC – 135, LDAP, FTP-21, HTTP-80

Q – 22 What is LDAP?

Ans- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is used to access the directory services from the Active directory in Windows operation systems.

Q – 23 Name the Seven Layers of OSI Model

Ans- The seven layers of the OSI are Application, Presentation, Sessions, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical layer.

Q – 24 What is WiMax?

Ans- WiFi is a next form of the WiFi. WiMax is a high-speed broadband network technology that is designed for the corporate offices, roaming and home users.

Q – 25 What is WiFi?

Ans- WiFi or wireless fidelity is a base-band network technology that is used for the wireless data communication.

Q – 26 What is an IP Address?

Ans- An IP address is a unique identifier of a computer or network device on the local area network, WAN or on internet. Every host computer on the internet must have a unique IP address. IP addresses on the internet are usually assigned by the local ISPs to which users are connected.

Q – 27 What is Subnet Mask?

Ans- A subnet mask is used to determine the number of networks and the number of host computers. Every class of the IP address uses the different range of the subnet mask. Subnet masks allow the IP based networks to be divided into the sub networks for performance and security purposes.

Q – 28 What is WLAN?

Ans- WLAN or Wireless local area network is simply a type of network that does not use wired Ethernet connections for networking. WLAN uses wireless network devices such as wireless routers etc.

Q – 29 What is Gateway?

Ans- A gateway is software or a hardware that is used to connect the local area network with the internet. A gateway is a network entrance point and a router usually works as a gateway.

Q – 30 What is DHCP?

Ans- Dynamic host configuration protocol is used to assign the IP address to the networked computers and devices. DHCP is a network protocol that automatically assigns static and dynamic IP addresses from its own range.

Q – 31 What is DNS?

Ans- Domain name system/server is used to translate the IP address into the hostname and hostname into the IP address. DNS is mostly used on the internet and the networks.

Q – 32 What is the difference between the communication and transmission?

Ans- Transmission is a physical movement of information and concern issues like bit polarity, synchronization, clock etc. Communication means the meaning full exchange of information between two communication media.

Q – 33 Explain point-to-point protocol

Ans- A communications protocol used to connect computers to remote networking services including Internet service providers.

Q – 34 Explain difference between base band and broadband transmission

Ans- In a base band transmission, the entire bandwidth of the cable is consumed by a single signal. In broadband transmission, signals are sent on multiple frequencies, allowing multiple signals to be sent simultaneously.

Q – 35 Explain Protocol Data Unit

Ans- The data unit in the LLC level is called the protocol data unit (PDU). The PDU contains of four fields a destination service access point (DSAP), a source service access point (SSAP), a control field and an information field. DSAP, SSAP are addresses used by the LLC to identify the protocol stacks on the receiving and sending machines that are generating and using the data. The control field specifies whether the PDU frame is an information frame (I – frame) or a supervisory frame (S – frame) or anunnumbered frame (U – frame).

Q – 36 What are major types of networks and explain

Ans- Server-based networkPeer-to-peer networkPeer-to-peer network, computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients using the resources.Server-based networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server computers to provide security and network administration

Q – 37 Explain passive topology

Ans- When the computers on the network simply listen and receive the signal, they are referred to as passive because they do not amplify the signal in any way. Example – linear bus

Q – 38 Explain mesh network

Ans- A network in which there are multiple networks links between computers to provide multiple paths for data to travel.

Q – 39 What are the different types of networking / internetworking devices?

Ans- Repeater: Also called a regenerator, an electronic device operates only at physical layer. It receives the signal in the network before it becomes weak, regenerates the original bit pattern and puts the refreshed copy back in to the link.Bridges: These operate both in the physical and data link layers of LANs of same type. They divide a larger network in to smaller segments.

They contain logic that allow them to keep the traffic for each segment separate and thus are repeaters that relay a frame only the side of the segment containing the intended recipient and control congestion.Routers: They relay packets among multiple interconnected networks (i.e. LANs of different type). They operate in the physical, data link and network layers.

They contain software that enables them to determine which of the several possible paths the best for a particular transmission is.Gateways: They relay packets among networks that have different protocols (e.g. between a LAN and a WAN). They accept a packet formatted for one protocol and convert it to a packet formatted for another protocol before forwarding it. They operate in all seven layers of the OSI model.

Q – 40 How Gateway is different from Routers

Ans- A gateway operates at the upper levels of the OSI model and translates information between two completely different network architectures or data formats.

Q – 41 Explain Brouter

Ans- This is a Hybrid device combines the features of both bridges and routers.

Q – 42 Explain subnet

Ans- A generic term for section of a large networks usually separated by a bridge or router.

Q – 43 Explain SAP

Ans- Series of interface points that allow other computers to communicate with the other layers of network protocol stack.

Q – 44 Explain frame relay, in which layer it comes

Ans- Frame relay is a packet switching technology. It will operate in the data link layer.

Q – 45 Explain terminal emulation, in which layer it comes

Ans- Telnet is also called as terminal emulation. It belongs to application layer.

Q – 46 Explain Beaconing

Ans- This process allows a network to self-repair networks problems. The stations on the network notify the other stations on the ring when they are not receiving the transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI networks.

Q – 47 Explain redirector

Ans- Redirector is software that intercepts file or prints I/O requests and translates them into network requests. This comes under presentation layer.

Q – 48 Explain NETBIOS and NETBEUI

Q – 49 Explain RAID

Ans- This is a method for providing fault tolerance by using multiple hard disk drives.

Q – 50 Explain cladding

Ans- Cladding is a layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.

Q – 51 Explain attenuation

Ans- The degeneration of a signal over distance on a network cable is called attenuation.

Q – 52 Explain MAC address

Ans- The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network adapter card and is unique.

Q – 53 What is the difference between bit rate and baud rate?

Ans- Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted during one second whereas baud rate refers to the number of signal units per second that are required to represent those bits. Baud rate = bit rate / N where N is no-of-bits represented by each signal shift.

Q – 54 Explain Bandwidth

Ans- Every line has an upper limit and a lower limit on the frequency of signals it can carry. This limited range is called the bandwidth.

Q – 55 Explain Project 802

Ans- It is a project started by IEEE to set standards. It enables intercommunication between equipment from a variety of manufacturers. It is a way for specifying functions of the physical layer, the data link layer and to some extent the network layer to allow for interconnectivity of major LAN protocols.It consists of the following:

802.1 is an internetworking standard for compatibility of different LANs and MANs across protocols. 802.2 Logical link control (LLC) is the upper sub layer of the data link layer, which is non-architecture-specific, that is, remains the same for all IEEE-defined LANs.

Media access control (MAC) is the lower sub layer of the data link layer that contains some distinct modules. Each one carries proprietary information specific to the LAN product being used. The modules are Ethernet LAN (802.3), Token ring LAN (802.4), Token bus LAN (802.5). 802.6 is distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) designed to be used in MANs.

Q – 56 What are the data units at different layers of the TCP / IP protocol suite?

Ans- The data unit created at the application layer is called a message; at the transport layer, the data unit created is called either a segment or a user datagram. At the network layer, the data unit created is called the datagram, at the data link layer the datagram is encapsulated in to a frame and finally transmitted as signals along the transmission media.

Q – 57 Explain ICMP

Ans- ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol, a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP suite used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the sender. It uses the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and responding. It also handles both control and error messages.

Q – 58 Explain difference between ARP and RARP

Ans- The address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to associate the 32-bit IP address with the 48-bit physical address, used by a host or a router to find the physical address of another host on its network by sending an ARP query packet that includes the IP address of the receiver.

The reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) allows a host to discover its Internet address when it knows only its physical address.

Q – 59 Explain the minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP segment and IP datagram

Ans- The header should have a minimum length of 20 bytes and can have a maximum length of 60 bytes.

Q – 60 Explain the range of addresses in the classes of internet addresses

Ans- Class A 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255Class B 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255Class C 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255Class D 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255Class E 240.0.0.0 – 247.255.255.255

Q – 61 Explain the difference between TFTP and FTP application layer protocols

Ans- The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) allows a local host to obtain files from a remote host but does not provide reliability or security. It uses the fundamental packet delivery services offered by UDP.The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard mechanism provided by TCP / IP for copying a file from one host to another. It uses the services offered by TCP and so is reliable and secure. It establishes two connections (virtual circuits) between the hosts, one for data transfer, and another for control information.

Q – 62 What is 5-4-3 rule?

Ans- In an Ethernet network, between any two points on the network, there can be no more than five network segments or four repeaters and of those five segments, only three of segments can be populated.

Q – 63 Explain MAU

Ans- In token Ring, hub is called Multistate Access Unit (MAU).

Q – 64 Explain the difference between routable and non- routable protocols

Ans- Routable protocols can work with a router. It can be used to build large networks. Non-Routable protocols are designed to work on small, local networks and cannot be used with a router

Q – 65 Explain logical link control

Ans- One of two sub layers of the data link layer (of OSI reference model), as defined by the IEEE 802 standard. This sub layer is responsible for maintaining the link between computers when they are sending data across the physical network connection.

Q – 66 Explain virtual channel

Ans- Virtual channel is normally a connection from one source to one destination, although multicast connections are also permitted. The other name for virtual channel is virtual circuit.

Q – 67 Explain virtual path

Ans- Along any transmission path from a given source to a given destination, a group of virtual circuits can be grouped together into what is called path.

Q – 68 Explain packet filter

Q – 69 Explain traffic shaping

Ans- One of the main causes of congestion is that traffic is often busy. If hosts could be made to transmit at a uniform rate, congestion would be less common. Another open loop method to help manage congestion is forcing the packet to be transmitted at a more predictable rate. This is called traffic shaping.

Q – 70 Explain multicast routing

Ans- Sending a message to a group is called multicasting, and its routing algorithm is called multicast routing.

Q – 71 Explain region

Ans- When hierarchical routing is used, the routers are divided into what we call regions, with each router knowing all the details about how to route packets to destinations within its own region, but knowing nothing about the internal structure of other regions.

Q – 72 Explain silly window syndrome

Ans- This problem can ruin TCP performance. This problem occurs when data are passed to the sending TCP entity in large blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving side reads 1 byte at a time.

Q – 73 Explain wide-mouth frog

Ans- Wide-mouth frog is the simplest known key distribution center (KDC) authentication protocol.

Q – 74 Explain Mail Gateway

Ans- A system performs a protocol translation between different electronic mail delivery protocols.

Q – 75 Explain IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)

Ans- It is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system.

Q – 76 Explain EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)

Ans- It is the protocol routers in neighboring autonomous systems. It is used to identify the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system.

Q – 77 Explain autonomous system

Ans- It is a collection of routers under the control of a single administrative authority and that uses a common Interior Gateway Protocol.

Q – 78 Explain BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

Ans- This is a protocol, which is used to advertise the set of networks. This can be reached within an autonomous system. BGP enables this information to be shared with the autonomous system. This is newer than EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).

Q – 79 Explain Gateway-to-Gateway protocol

Ans- It is a protocol formerly used to exchange routing information between Internet core routers.

Q – 80 Explain NVT (Network Virtual Terminal)

Ans- It is a set of rules defining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. The NVT is used in the start of a Telnet session.

Q – 81 Explain a Multi-homed Host

Ans- It is a host that has a multiple network interfaces and that requires multiple IP addresses is called as a Multi-homed Host.

Q – 82 Explain Kerberos

Q – 83 Explain Proxy ARP

Ans- It is using a router to answer ARP requests. This will be done when the originating host believes that a destination is local, when in fact is lies beyond router.

Q – 84 Explain OSPF

Ans- It is an Internet routing protocol that scales well, can route traffic along multiple paths, and uses knowledge of an Internet’s topology to make accurate routing decisions.

Q – 85 Explain SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol)

Ans- It is a very simple protocol. It is used for the transmission of IP datagram’s across a serial line.

Q – 86 Explain RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

Ans- It is a simple protocol used to exchange information between the routers.

Q – 87 Explain source route

Ans- It is the sequence of IP address to identify the route a datagram must follow source route may optionally be included in an IP datagram header.

Q – 88 What are the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of routing tables?

Ans- The three types of routing tables are fixed, dynamic, and fixed central. The fixed table must be manually modified every time there is a change. A dynamic table changes its information based on network traffic, reducing the amount of manual maintenance. A fixed central table lets a manager modify only one table, which is then read by other devices.

The fixed central table reduces the need to update each machine’s table, as with the fixed table. Usually a dynamic table causes the fewest problems for a network administrator, although the table’s contents can change without the administrator being aware of the change.

Q – 89 What is HELLO protocol?

Ans- The HELLO protocol uses time instead of distance to determine optimal routing. It is an alternative to the Routing Information Protocol.

Q – 90 Explain the difference between interior and exterior neighbor gateways

Ans- Interior gateways connect LANs of one organization, whereas exterior gateways connect the organization to the outside world.

Q – 91 What protocol do DNS name servers use?

Ans- DNS uses UDP for communication between servers. It is a better choice than TCP because of the improved speed a connectionless protocol offers. Of course, transmission reliability suffers with UDP.

Q – 92 Explain a DNS resource record

Ans- A resource record is an entry in a name server’s database. There are several types of resource records, used including name-to-address and resolution information. Resource records are maintained as ASCII files.

Q – 93 Explain External Data Representation

Ans- External Data Representation is a method of encoding data within an RPC message, used to ensure that the data is notsystem-dependent.

BOOTP helps a diskless workstation boot. How does it get a message to the network looking for its IP address and the location of its operating system boot files?

BOOTP sends a UDP message with a sub network broadcast address and waits for a reply from a server that gives it the IP address. The same message might contain the name of the machine that has the boot files on it. If the boot image location is not specified, the workstation sends another UDP message to query the server.

Q – 94 Explain REX

Ans- What advantage does REX offer other similar utilities?

Q – 95 Explain a pseudo TTY

Ans- A pseudo TTY or false terminal enables external machines to connect through Telnet or rlogin. Without a pseudo TTY, noconnection can take place.

Q – 96 Explain anonymous FTP and why would you use it

Ans- Anonymous FTP enables users to connect to a host without using a valid login and password. Usually, anonymous FTP uses a login called anonymous or guest, with the password usually requesting the user’s ID for tracking purposes only. Anonymous FTP is used to enable a large number of users to access files on the host without having to go to the trouble of setting up logins for them all. Anonymous FTP systems usually have strict controls over the areas an anonymous user can access.

Q – 97 Explain a Management Information Base (MIB)

Ans- A Management Information Base is part of every SNMP-managed device. Each SNMP agent has the MIB database thatcontains information about the device’s status, itsperformance, connections, and configuration. The MIB is queried by SNMP.

Q – 98 Explain the difference between an unspecified passive open and a fully specified passive open

Ans- An unspecified passive open has the server waiting for a connection request from a client. A fully specified passive open has the server waiting for a connection from a specific client.

Q – 99 What is FTP?

Ans- FTP is short for File Transfer Protocol. This is the protocol used for file transfer over the Internet.

Q – 100 What can you suggest to enhance testing process on windows OS?

Ans- Put shortcut to notepad.exe in Send to folder. It is speed up work with different files like hosts, configuration files.

Q – 101 What do you need to do that your browser will point URL www.YourTest.com to the internal IP address 127.99.11.01?

Ans- Make changes in the hosts file in C:WINDOWSsystem32driversetc the Hosts file is looked at first before going out to the DNS (Domain Name Service) servers. You have to put the following on new lines at the end of hosts file: 127.99.11.01 YourTest.com 127.99.11.01 www.YourTest.com

Q – 102 How to determine whether there is an issue with the DNS configuration of your connection to your ISP?

Ans- At a command prompt, type ipconfig /all, and then press ENTER to display the IP address of your DNS server. If the IP address for your DNS server does not appear, you need contact your ISP.

Q – 103 How do you start DirectX Diagnostic Tool?

Ans- To start the DirectX Diagnostic Tool: 1. Click Start, and then click Run. In the Open box, type dxdiag, and then click OK.

Q – 104 How to find what program used as default for opening file .xyz

Ans- In cmd type C :> assoc .xyz which program will open that .xyz file

Q – 105 How do we find a network configuration of your PC?

Ans- In cmd type c :> net config workstation the result displays a list of configurable services: computer name, user name, logon domain, domain DNS name.

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