Latest Pharma Interview Questions
Q – 1 What drug(s) inhibit the second stage of the cell wall synthesis? (Precursor transported from inside cell membrane to outside)
Ans- Vancomycin and Bacitracin
Q – 2 What drug(s) inhibit the third stage of the cell wall synthesis? (Cross linking of the cell wall)?
Ans- Penicillin and Cephalosporin
Q – 3 What does Cell Death require?
Ans- Action of Autolysin
Q – 4 What are three mechanisms of resistance to Penicillin?
Ans- Lack of accessibility to target (Gram Negative)
Production of Penicillinases (Beta-Lactamase)
Alterations in Penicillin Binding Proteins
Q – 5 About what percent of penicillin is protein bound?
Ans- 33-50%
Q – 6 What is the standard reference of Penicillin?
Ans- Penicillin G
Q – 7 Is oral use of Penicillin G indicated?
Ans- Not, it is inactivated at low pH
Q – 8 Which type of Pen G is used for syphyllis and rheumatic fever prophylaxis?
Ans- Benzathine Pen G
Q – 9 Which type of Pen G is used for the treatment of ghonorrea?
Ans- Procaine Pen G
Q – 10 Which type of penicillin is acid stable?
Ans- Penicillin V
Q – 11 Should you use sulfonamides on a patient with 6-glucose phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency?
Ans- No, it could produce acute hemolytic anemia
Q – 12 What sulfonamide is used routinely for urinary tract infection?
Ans- Sulfisoxazole
Q – 13 Why are long-acting sulfonamides not available in the US any longer?
Ans- Due to the high incidence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Q – 14 What is the mechanism of Trimethoprim?
Ans- It is a selective inhibitor of Dihydrofolate reductase
Q – 15 What must be absent with the use of trimethoprim in order to make it bacteriocidal?
Ans- Thymine
Q – 16 Which types of bacteria are targeted by Trimethoprim?
Ans- Both Gram – and Gram +
Its Broad Spectrum
Q – 17 Which chemotherapeutic agents are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?
Ans- Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
Q – 18 Which type of bacteria is most affected by penicillins?
Ans- Gram +
Q – 19 What drug inhibits the first stage of the cell wall synthesis? (Production of Cell Wall Building Blocks)?
Ans- Cycloserine
Q – 20 What log cell kill is required to cure microbial infections?
Ans- 2 (99% of population is killed)
Q – 21 What was the first effective chemotherapeutic agent employed systemically?
Ans- Sulfonamides
Q – 22 What types of bacteria do sulfonamides target?
Ans- Broad-Spectrum – Gram + and Gram –
Q – 23 What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
Ans- They are structural analogs and competitive antagonists of PABA (Para-Aminobenzoic Acid)
Q – 24 What are sulfonamides often used in combination with?
Ans- Trimethoprin
Q – 25 How do sulfonamides not interfere with host metabolism?
Ans- Mammalian cells use preformed folic acid.
Q – 26 Which drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the transformation of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate?
Ans- Trimethoprim
Q – 27 How is resistance to sulfonamides presented?
Ans- Increased synthesis of PABA
Alterations in enzyme that utilizes PABA
Increased capacity to destroy or inactive the drug
Development of an alternative metabolic pathway for synthesis of essential metabolites
Q – 28 Where are sulfonamides absorbed?
Ans- Gut
Q – 29 What antibiotic produces hearing loss in newborn when taken during pregnancy?
Ans- Streptomycin
Q – 30 What condition must be considered when prescribing sulfonamides and chloramphenicol?
Ans- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (May produce Hemolysis)
Q – 31 What are six mechanisms of resistance from chemotherapeutic agents?
Ans- 1) Absence of Target (Ergosterol’s absent)
2) Alterations in Target (Pen. Binding Protein Alterations)
3) Low concentration at target (Interference with membrane passage)
4) Lack of metabolic activation (Antifungal Flucytosine -> Fluorouracil)
5) Inactivation (Penicillinases)
6) Escape from Effect (Alternate Metabolic Pathways)
Q – 32 What type of resistance occurs in the absence of selective pressure?
Ans- De Novo (Intrinsic) Resistance
Q – 33 When is a microorganism said to be resistant?
Ans- When the concentration of the drug required to weaken or kill the microorganism is greater than can be tolerated by the host.
Q – 34 What generally happens when you add two bacteriocidal agents?
Ans- Generally results in a synergistic effect.
Q – 35 What generally happens when you combine 1 bacteriocidal and 1 bacteriostatic agent?
Ans- Generally results in antagonism
Q – 36 What generally happens when you combine two bacteriostatic agents?
Ans- Produce an Additive effect
Q – 37 What chemotherapeutic agent can be either bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic depending on the environment?
Ans- Sulfonamides
Q – 38 What is a chemical selective destruction of invading organisms?
Ans- Chemotherapy
Q – 39 What is the ratio of toxic dose:effective dose?
Ans- Therapeutic Index
Q – 40 What type of chemotherapy stems from the concept that substances derived from one living thing may serve to kill other living things?
Ans- Antibiotic Chemotherapy
Q – 41 What drug was discovered in 1936 and began the modern era of chemotherapy?
Ans- Sulfanilamide
Q – 42 How are chemotherapeutic agents classified?
Ans- According to their Mechanism of Action
Q – 43 What type of chemotherapeutic agents inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?
Ans- Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
Q – 44 What type of chemotherapeutic agents act directly on the cell membrane?
Ans- Polyeene Antifungal Agents:
Nystatin
Amphotericin B
Q – 45 What types of antibacterial agents affect the function of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis, and are bacteriostatic?
Ans- Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclines
Q – 46 What types of antibacterial agents affect the function of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis, and are bacteriocidal?
Ans- Streptomycin
Q – 47 What types of chemotherapeutic agents affect nucleic acid metabolism?
Ans- Rifampin (DNA dependent RNA polymerase)
Fluoroquinolones – Ciprofloxacin